Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common fungal infection that affects the toenails, causing discoloration, thickening, and brittleness. It can spread to other nails and may become painful if left untreated. The condition thrives in warm, moist environments and is often caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds.

• Walking barefoot in damp public places (pools, gyms, showers)
• Wearing tight or non-breathable footwear
• Poor foot hygiene
• Nail injuries or cracks that allow fungi to enter
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes or circulatory issues
• Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)

• Keep feet clean and dry, especially between the toes
• Wear breathable shoes and moisture-wicking socks
• Trim nails properly and avoid cutting too close to the skin
• Avoid walking barefoot in public places
• Disinfect nail clippers and foot care tools regularly
• Change socks daily and wash them in hot water
• Use antifungal foot powder if prone to infections

Diagnosing toenail fungus involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. The doctor may check the appearance of the nail, including discoloration, thickness, and texture changes. In some cases, a nail sample may be taken for laboratory testing to confirm the presence of fungi. Additional tests, such as a fungal culture or microscopic examination, help differentiate toenail fungus from other nail disorders, such as psoriasis or bacterial infections.

• Yellow, white, or brown discoloration of the nail
• Thickened, brittle, or crumbly nails
• Distorted nail shape or separation from the nail bed
• Foul odor from the infected nail
• Pain or discomfort in the affected toenail
• White spots or streaks on the nail surface

Treatment options for toenail fungus depend on the severity of the infection. Antifungal medications, including oral tablets and topical treatments, help eliminate the infection. In some cases, laser therapy or nail removal may be necessary for persistent or severe cases. Keeping nails clean, dry, and properly trimmed can aid in recovery and prevent reinfection.